Dr. Olgica Kuzmanovska, Professor
Dr. Jana Bogdanoska, Assistant
Course content:
• Molecular-kinetic theory. Characteristics of atoms and molecules. Dimensions of atoms and atomic unit. Avogadro’s number. From atoms to macro-systems. Basic thermodynamic quantities. Temperature. Thermodynamic equilibrium. Ideal gas. The equation of state of ideal gas.
• Statistical theory of thermodynamics. Boltzmann’s distribution. Maxwell’s distribution. Fluctuations and Brown’s motion.
• Empirical gas laws. Internal energy, work and heat. Classical thermodynamics – first principle of thermodynamics and its application. Classical thermodynamics – second principle of thermodynamics. Heat and cooling engines. Otto’s cycle. Carnot’s cycle. Efficiency coefficients. Carnot’s theorems. Clausius inequality. From heat engines to entropy. Entropy and third law of thermodynamics. Entropy in various thermodynamic processes. Entropy and free energy. Latent heat and enthalpy. Thermodynamic potentials. Chemical potential. Thermodynamic temperature scale.
• Kinetics and collisions. Transport phenomena in fluids. Heat transfer. Diffusion and viscosity.
• Van der Waals equation of state for “real” gas. Molecular interactions in gas. Critical condition. Metastable states. Approaches to theory of liquids. Fluidity of uncompressible liquids. Surface phenomena. Capillary.
• Phase transitions. Transitions form gas to liquid state. Structure and symmetry of crystals. Diffraction of X rays and Bragg’s law. pVT – surfaces. Conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium in heterogeneous systems. Second-order phase transitions.